梅瑟的生平 (波提切利)

The Trials of Moses

作者: 桑德罗·波提切利
年代: 1481 年
收藏: 西斯廷礼拜堂
流派: Early Renaissance
题材: 宗教艺术
材质: fresco
尺寸: 348.5 × 558（高 × 宽，多为厘米）

作品资料来自 Wikidata（CC0）。

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作品介绍

《梅瑟的生平》（或摩西的青年时代、摩西的审判）是意大利文艺复兴画家桑德罗·波提切利及其工作室的一幅湿壁画，绘制于1481年至1482年，位于罗马梵蒂冈宗座宫的西斯汀小堂。

1480年10月27日，佛罗伦萨共和国统治者洛伦佐·德·美第奇与教宗思道四世之间和解，派遣波提切利等佛罗伦萨画家前往罗马效力。1481年春天，这些佛罗伦萨画家开始装饰西斯汀小堂，当时彼得罗·佩鲁吉诺已经在那里工作。

在助手的帮助下，波提切利画了三幅画。 1482年2月17日，他的合同更新，加入其他的装饰内容。但是2月20日他父亲去世，于是他回到了佛罗伦萨。

在画面右边，描绘摩西杀死骚扰希伯来人的埃及人，逃往旷野。在中间，摩西与阻止叶特罗的女儿（包括他未来的妻子西坡拉）在坑边给牛喝水的牧羊人战斗，然后为她们取水。在左上角，摩西脱下鞋子，从上帝那里接受使命。在左下角，他带领以色列人从埃及返回应许之地。

摩西在画中总是穿着与众不同的黄色外衣和绿色斗篷。

摘自维基百科「梅瑟的生平 (波提切利)」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，繁体已转简体，去掉了参考文献、外部链接等尾部小节和表格，其余文字未作改动。

中文条目比较短，展开看英文维基百科的条目（英文原文）

The Youth of Moses or The Trials of Moses is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli and his workshop, executed in 1481–1482 in the Sistine Chapel, Rome (modern-day Italy).

History

On 27 October 1480, Botticelli, together with other Florentine painters, left for Rome where he had been called as part of the reconciliation project between Lorenzo de' Medici, the de facto ruler of Florence, and Pope Sixtus IV. The Florentines started to work in the Sistine Chapel as early as the Spring of 1481, along with Pietro Perugino, who was already there.

The theme of the decoration was a parallel between the Stories of Moses and those of Christ, as a sign of continuity between the Old and the New Testament – a continuity also between the divine law of the Tables and the message of Jesus, who, in turn, chose Peter (the first alleged bishop of Rome) as his successor: this would finally result in a legitimation of the latter's successors, the popes of Rome.

Botticelli, helped by numerous assistants, painted three scenes. On 17 February 1482 his contract was renovated, including the other scenes to complete the chapel's decoration. However, on 20 February his father died: he returned to Florence, where he remained.

Description

The fresco shows several episodes of Moses' youth, taken from Exodus. It parallels the fresco on the opposite wall, also by Botticelli, which depicts the Temptations of Jesus. The frieze has the inscription TEMPTATIO MOISI LEGIS SCRIPTAE LATORIS.

On the right is Moses killing the Egyptian who had harassed a Hebrew, and fleeing to the desert (a parallel with the episode of Jesus defeating the Devil). In the next episode Moses fights the shepherds who were preventing Jethro's daughters (including his future wife, Zipporah) to water their cattle at the pit, and then takes the water for them. In the third scene, in the upper left corner, Moses removes his shoes and then receives from God the task to return to Egypt and free his people. Finally, in the lower left corner, he drives the Jews to the Promised Land.

Moses is always distinguishable in the scenes by his yellow dress and the green cloak.

摘自英文维基百科「Youth of Moses」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用。