艺廊作品介绍
发现碑（葡萄牙语：Padrão），葡萄牙航海家在每一处停留地方立为纪念的石碑。
石碑的顶部通常刻有葡萄牙盾和一个十字架。后来葡萄牙模仿发现碑的设计，在与这些航海家有关的地方竖立纪念石碑，以纪念他们的功绩。
澳门
目前也有一个类似的石碑，是在1960年纪念殷皇子逝世500周年时竖立的。竖立于殷皇子国立中学旧址，即今友谊广场对出空地。后来到校舍清拆时，石碑被移至苏亚利斯博士大马路(即中国银行澳门分行大厦侧面、华榕大厦后面)。但是，该处由于较为隐蔽，不易被途人和游客发现，而且周围也停放不少摩托车，失去了历史纪念碑应有的庄严性。
2006年10月，澳门特区政府为配合该区的交通，因此进行道路整顿，并把该碑重新安放在区华利前地的欧维士像右侧的一处空地，加以保存和突出该碑。
摘自维基百科「发现碑」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，繁体已转简体，去掉了参考文献、外部链接等尾部小节和表格，其余文字未作改动。
中文条目比较短，展开看英文维基百科的条目（英文原文）
A padrão (Portuguese pronunciation: [pɐˈðɾɐ̃w], lit. 'standard'; plural: padrões) is a stone pillar left by Portuguese maritime explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries to record significant landfalls and thereby establish primacy and possession. They were often placed on promontories and capes or at the mouths of major rivers. Early markers were simple wooden pillars or crosses but they deteriorated quickly in the tropical climate where they were often erected. Later, padrões were carved from stone in the form of a pillar surmounted by a cross and the royal coat of arms.
History
Diogo Cão was the first to place stone padrões on his voyage of discovery along the coast of Africa in 1482–1484. They had been carved ahead of time in Portugal and carried in his ship at the behest of King João II. Cão placed the pillars at points in what is now Gabon, Angola and Namibia. The first was installed at the mouth of the river Congo. In August 1483 he erected one on the headlands of Angola at Cabo Negro with the inscription:
In the era of 6681 years from the creation of the world, 1482 years since the birth of Our Lord Jesus, the most High and Excellent and Mighty Prince, King D. João II of Portugal, sent Diogo Cão squire of his House to discover this land and place these pillars.
Subsequent excavations and surveys, particularly by Eric Axelson in the 1950s, located the remains of a number of the padrões. Some of the crosses were fragmentary, but could be identified from their use of Portuguese limestone.
In 1498 Vasco da Gama erected a padrão at Malindi in East Africa before setting across the Indian Ocean to Calicut. This is known today as the Vasco da Gama Pillar and includes the original cross, made from Portuguese limestone.
In 1522 the Portuguese mariner Henrique Leme negotiated a treaty with the Sunda Kingdom and in commemoration he raised a padrão at the kingdom's main port, Sunda Kalapa, now part of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Luso Sundanese padrão was rediscovered in 1918 and is exhibited at the National Museum of Indonesia.
Other notable explorers known to have erected padrões include Pero da Covilhã, Bartolomeu Dias, Goncalo Coelho and Jorge Álvares.
In the 20th century, the Lisbon Geographic Society managed to restore three padrões erected by Diogo Cão and one by Bartolomeu Dias.
At the Dias Cross Memorial on the coast of South Africa's Eastern Cape province, there is a replica padrão on a promontory at what is now known as Kwaaihoek. The original was erected by Bartolomeu Dias in 1488 to mark the site of his easternmost landfall after becoming the first European navigator to round the Cape of Good Hope. The original padrão was discovered by Eric Axelson in the 1930s; it had fallen, or been pushed, off the top of Kwaaihoek, and lay in pieces in the gullies below. Axelson recovered the pieces and was able to reconstruct the stone monument. The reconstructed original now stands in the William Cullen Library of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
摘自英文维基百科「Padrão」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用。