艺廊雕塑 › 菲利克斯·德·韦尔登
美国海军陆战队纪念碑
Marine Corps War Memorial
- 年代
- 1954 年
- 地点
- Arlington Ridge Park
- 材质
- 混凝土、青铜、granite、布
- 国家
- 美国
- 依据
- 美军士兵在硫磺岛竖起国旗
作品资料来自 Wikidata（CC0）。
作品介绍
美国海军陆战队战争纪念雕像（硫磺岛纪念雕像）是位于美国弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿县的一座国家纪念雕像。该纪念雕像于 1954 年献给所有自 1775 年以来为保卫美国而献出生命的海军陆战队员。 它位于乔治华盛顿纪念公园大道内的阿灵顿岭公园内， 靠近通往阿灵顿国家公墓和荷兰钟琴。纪念雕像于1955年移交给美国国家公园管理局。
战争纪念雕像的灵感来自 1945 年标志性的照片，照片是 6 名海军陆战队员在二战硫磺岛战役期间在折钵山山顶升起美国国旗 ，由美联社战斗摄影师乔·罗森塔尔 (Joe Rosenthal ) 拍摄。在第一次看到这张照片时，雕塑家费利克斯·德·韦尔登（Felix de Weldon ）在一个周末在马里兰州帕图森河海军航空站（他在海军服役的地方）根据这张照片制作了一个雕塑模型。他和建筑师 Horace W. Peaslee 设计了纪念雕像。他们的提案已提交给国会，但在战争期间无法获得资金。 1947年，一个联邦基金会成立，为纪念雕像筹集资金。
摘自维基百科「美国海军陆战队战争纪念雕像」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，繁体已转简体，去掉了参考文献、外部链接等尾部小节和表格，其余文字未作改动。
中文条目比较短，展开看英文维基百科的条目（英文原文）
The United States Marine Corps War Memorial (Iwo Jima Memorial) is a national memorial located in Arlington Ridge Park in Arlington County, Virginia. The memorial was dedicated in 1954 to all Marines who have given their lives in defense of the United States since 1775. It is located in Arlington Ridge Park within the George Washington Memorial Parkway, near the Ord-Weitzel Gate to Arlington National Cemetery and the Netherlands Carillon. The memorial was turned over to the National Park Service in 1955.
The war memorial was inspired by the iconic 1945 photograph of six Marines raising a U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II taken by Associated Press combat photographer Joe Rosenthal. Upon first seeing the photograph, sculptor Felix de Weldon created a maquette for a sculpture based on the photo in a single weekend at Patuxent River Naval Air Station in Maryland, where he was serving in the Navy. He and architect Horace Peaslee designed the memorial. Their proposal was presented to Congress, but funding was not possible during the war. In 1947, a federal foundation was established to raise funds for the memorial.
History
The centerpiece of the memorial is a colossal sculpture group depicting the six Marines who raised the second and largest of two U.S. flags that were both raised atop Mount Suribachi located at the south end of Iwo Jima, on February 23, 1945. The first flag flown over the mountain was regarded to be too small to be seen by all the American troops on the other side of it where most of the fighting would take place, so it was replaced by a larger flag.
The flag-raising also was recorded by Marine Sergeant Bill Genaust, a combat motion picture cameraman. He filmed the event in color while standing beside Rosenthal. Genaust's footage established that the second flag raising was not staged. On March 4, 1945, he was killed by the Japanese after entering a cave on Iwo Jima and his remains have never been found. The subjects of Rosenthal's photograph (identification changes were made in 1947, 2016, and 2019), from right to left, are as follows:
Position 1: Corporal Harlon H. Block
Position 2: Corporal Harold P. Keller
Position 3: Private First Class Franklin R. Sousley
Position 4: Sergeant Michael Strank
Position 5: Private First Class Harold H. Schultz
Position 6: Private First Class Ira H. Hayes
The Memorial was approved by the United States Congress and commission for the memorial was awarded in 1951, after it was approved and accepted by the Marine Corps League who also selected De Weldon as the sculptor. De Weldon spent three years creating a full-sized master model in plaster, with figures 32 feet (9.8 m) tall. This was disassembled like a giant puzzle, and each piece was separately cast in bronze. Peaslee's base for the memorial is made of black diabase granite from a quarry in Lönsboda, a small town in the southernmost province of Sweden. It features a number of inscriptions. The Groundbreaking ceremony was held on February 19, 1954, exactly nine years after the Marines landed on Iwo Jima. General Lemuel Shepherd, 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps, did the groundbreaking. Construction of the memorial began in September. The bronze pieces of the sculpture were assembled to Brooklyn, New York for casting in bronze. This took about 3 months to complete. After that, they were reassembled into a dozen pieces and were shipped back to Arlington, Virginia in a 3 truck convoy, to which was added a 60 feet (18 m) flagpole. The total cost of the memorial was $850,000, including the development of the site. It was paid for with donations mostly from active duty Marines and Marine Reservists. Other donors included former Marines and friends of the Marine Corps and members of the Naval Service; no public funds were used.
The memorial was dedicated on Wednesday, November 10, 1954, the 179th anniversary of the founding of the Marine Corps. The presiding officials included President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Vice President Richard Nixon, Secretary of Defense Charles E.……
节选，摘自英文维基百科「Marine Corps War Memorial」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用。