拿着橘子的犹太人

Jewess with Oranges

作者: 亚历山大·吉列姆斯基
年代: 1880–1881 年
收藏: 华沙国家博物馆
题材: 肖像
材质: 油彩、画布
尺寸: 66 × 55（高 × 宽，多为厘米）
国家: 波兰
描绘对象: 女人、橙
馆藏编号: MP 5526 MNW
所有者: 朋友

作品资料来自 Wikidata（CC0）。

作品介绍

拿着橘子的犹太人(波兰语：Żydówka z pomarańczami, Pomarańczarka, Przekupka z Pomarańczami) 是亚历山大·吉列姆斯基于1880年至1881年期间创作的油画。它在第二次世界大战纳粹占领波兰时被德军拿走，直到2011年才现身。

这幅作品由亚历山大·吉列姆斯基1880年至1881年间在华沙创作。画作主人公是一位犹太人店主。

历史

这幅画最初被华沙的一家古董店收藏，1928年2月23日被华沙国家博物馆购入。在第二次世界大战期间，这幅画被德军拿走。自1945年起，波兰一直寻找这幅画的下落。2010年11月26日，这幅画出现在德国布克斯特胡德的一个古董市场。波兰文化和国家遗产部开始与有关方面谈判协商。2011年7月15日，波兰PZU基金会从德国藏家手中收购了这幅画作。之后《拿着橘子的犹太人》交由华沙国家博物馆保管。

摘自维基百科「拿着橘子的犹太人」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，繁体已转简体，去掉了参考文献、外部链接等尾部小节和表格，其余文字未作改动。

中文条目比较短，展开看英文维基百科的条目（英文原文）

Jewess with Oranges (Polish: Żydówka z pomarańczami, Pomarańczarka, Przekupka z pomarańczami) is an oil painting on canvas by Aleksander Gierymski finished in 1881 and purchased by the National Museum in Warsaw in 1928.

It was looted by the Nazis in Germany-occupied Poland during World War II, and recovered only in 2011.

Description

It was painted in oil technique between 1880-81 in Warsaw. The painting shows a Jewish shopkeeper, whom the artist immortalized in another image Jewess with Lemons. The woman has poor clothing, a cap on her head, and a scarf on her shoulders. She is carrying two baskets of oranges. The background depicts the roofs of Warsaw houses. The woman's face is serious. Her highlighted cheeks as well as prominent wrinkles heighten the effect of sadness and helplessness, which emanates directly from her character. In contrast, there are the oranges whose color is a reference to life, heat, and the southern climate. The painter signed his name in the lower left corner and put the name of the city where he painted the picture.

History

The image originally belonged to the antique store Dom Sztuki in Warsaw and was purchased by the National Museum of Warsaw on 23 February 1928. During the World War II looting of Poland, the painting was stolen by German forces. Since 1945, Poland sought the discovery of its whereabouts and its return. On 26 November 2010, the painting appeared in an antique market in Buxtehude, Germany.

In November 2010, at the invitation of Gazeta Wyborcza journalist Włodzimierz Kalicki and Marek Mielniczuk took part in a trip to Buxtehude, Germany, to examine the painting. Mielniczuk confirmed the authenticity of the painting, pointing out that the differences compared to the pre-war photograph were the result of post-war, unprofessional overpainting and trimming of the canvas. Together with Kalicki, he established the details of the conservation interventions and confirmed that it was a painting stolen from the National Museum, Warsaw. The Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage began negotiations to bring the painting back to Poland. The talks were successful, and on 15 July 2011, after compensation was paid by the Polish PZU Foundation to the German owner, Jewess with Oranges returned to the National Museum. The amount paid has not been disclosed.

摘自英文维基百科「Jewess with Oranges」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用。