帕那苏斯山

The Parnassus

作者: 拉斐尔·圣齐奥
年代: 1509–1511 年
收藏: 梵蒂冈博物馆
流派: 文艺复兴全盛期
题材: 神话绘画
材质: 油彩、fresco
委托人: 儒略二世
依据: 希腊神话

作品资料来自 Wikidata（CC0）。

作品介绍

《帕那苏斯山》（意大利语：Il Parnaso，英语：The Parnassus）是意大利文艺复兴全盛期大师拉斐尔创作的一幅湿壁画，位于梵蒂冈宗座宫殿内的拉斐尔房间签字厅（Stanza della Segnatura）的北墙上，由教宗儒略二世订制。它可能是签字厅的第二幅壁画，绘于1509年至1511年，晚于西墙上的《圣礼的争辩》，而早于东墙上的《雅典学院》。

整个签字厅表现人类知识的四大领域：哲学、宗教、诗歌和法律，其中《帕那苏斯山》表现诗歌。这幅湿壁画描绘神话中的帕纳塞斯山，那里是阿波罗的住所；他位于画面的中心，演奏着乐器（是当时的乐器，而非古代的里拉琴），周围环绕着九位缪斯、九位古代诗人，以及九位当时的诗人。阿波罗，与掌管史诗的缪斯卡利俄佩，一起带给诗人灵感。

拉斐尔将1506年出土，收藏在梵蒂冈的古代雕塑《拉奥孔与儿子们》中拉奥孔的脸，画在荷马的脸上（中间左侧穿深蓝色长袍者），表现为失明而不是痛苦。据说湿壁画中的两位女性人物欧忒耳佩和莎孚，让人想起米开朗基罗的《创造亚当》。莎孚是其中唯一的女诗人，这样就不会与缪斯混淆；她是后加上去的人物，没有出现在马坎托尼奥·雷蒙迪记录这幅湿壁画的印刷品中。

摘自维基百科「帕那苏斯山」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，繁体已转简体，去掉了参考文献、外部链接等尾部小节和表格，其余文字未作改动。

中文条目比较短，展开看英文维基百科的条目（英文原文）

The Parnassus (Italian: Il Parnaso, referring to Mount Parnassus) is a fresco painting by the Italian High Renaissance artist Raphael in the Raphael Rooms ("Stanze di Raffaello"), in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome, painted at the commission of Pope Julius II.

It was probably the second wall of the Stanza della Segnatura to be painted between 1509 and 1511, after La Disputa and before The School of Athens, which occupy other walls of the room.

Overview

The whole room shows the four areas of human knowledge: philosophy, religion, poetry and law, with The Parnassus representing poetry. The fresco shows the mythological Mount Parnassus where Apollo dwells; he is in the centre playing an instrument (a contemporary lira da braccio rather than a classical lyre), surrounded by the nine muses, nine poets from antiquity, and nine contemporary poets. Apollo, along with Calliope, the muse of epic poetry, inspired poets.

Raphael used the face of Laocoön from the classical sculpture Laocoön and His Sons, excavated in 1506 and also in the Vatican for his Homer (in dark blue robe to the left of centre), expressing blindness rather than pain. Two of the female figures in the fresco have been said to be reminiscent of Michelangelo's Creation of Adam, Euterpe and Sappho, who is named on a scroll she holds. Sappho is the only female poet shown, presumably identified so that she is not confused with a muse; she is a late addition who does not appear in the print by Marcantonio Raimondi that records a drawing for the fresco.

The window below the fresco Parnassus frames the view of Mons Vaticanus, believed to be sacred to Apollo. Humanists, such as Biondo, Vegio, and Albertini, refer to the ancient-sun god of the Vatican.

摘自英文维基百科「The Parnassus」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用。