弗朗西斯科·普拉迪利亚

Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz

西班牙 · 1848 – 1921

Wikidata · 维基百科 · 英文维基百科

资料卡

出生: 1848 年
出生地: 加列戈新镇
去世: 1921 年
逝世地: 马德里
安葬地: San Justo Cemetery
国籍: 西班牙
职业: 插画家、画家
流派: 现实主义运动
学生: 华金·索罗拉、路易斯·梅嫩德斯·皮达尔
就读: Real Academia de España en Roma、皇家圣费尔南多美术学院
所属团体: 法兰西艺术院、Academia Española de Bellas Artes de Roma、Real Academia de Nobles y Bellas Artes de San Luis
获奖: Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts order、Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic、Grand cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso XII

资料来自 Wikidata Q553258（CC0）。

生平与创作

弗朗西斯科·普拉迪利亚·奥尔蒂斯（西班牙语：Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz，1848年7月24日—1921年11月1日）是西班牙画家。以本土风俗风景画创作著称。

生平

1848年，弗朗西斯科·普拉迪利亚出生于萨拉戈萨省加列戈新镇。他先后在萨拉戈萨、马德里皇家圣费尔南多美术学院和马德里水彩画家学院学习绘画，师从卡洛斯·德·阿埃斯。

1874年4月和1877年间，他作为奖学金项目的一员，与海梅·莫雷拉、卡斯托·普拉森西亚和亚历杭德罗·费兰特-费希尔曼斯等画家在意大利罗马采风学习。

1878年，他的画作《疯女胡安娜》在西班牙全国美术展览中摘得金奖，得到了2万比塞塔的奖金。

1879年，西班牙参议院委托他创作一幅关于收复格拉纳达的绘画。他花了3年时间，完成了《格拉纳达的投降》。

1881年，他成为罗马西班牙美术学院院长，但两年后辞去职务，他漫游意大利，描绘了当地的民俗风情和人物。1897年回到马德里，担任普拉多博物馆馆长。但他很快便放弃了职务，把全身心投入到绘画中。1921年11月1日在马德里去世。

摘自维基百科「弗朗西斯科·普拉迪利亚」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，繁体已转简体，去掉了参考文献、外部链接等尾部小节和表格，其余文字未作改动。

中文条目比较短，展开看英文维基百科的条目（英文原文）

Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz (24 July 1848 – 1 November 1921) was a prolific Spanish painter famous for creating historical scenes.

Biography

He was born in Villanueva de Gállego, in Zaragoza Province and began his studies in Zaragoza. He then transferred to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando and, later, the "Academia de Acuarelistas" (Academy of Watercolorists) in Madrid.

In 1873, he became one of the first students chosen to study at the new Spanish Academy in Rome. From there he had opportunities to travel to France and Venice and studied the old masters.

In 1878 he submitted his painting Doña Joanna the Mad or (Juana la Loca) to the National Exhibition of Fine Arts and was awarded the Medal of Honor. In 1879, the Spanish Senate then commissioned him to create La Rendición de Granada (The Surrender of Granada), which took him three years to complete.

In 1881 he became the Director of the Spanish Fine Arts Academy in Rome, but resigned from this post after two years. He traveled, mostly in Italy, portraying local themes and people. In 1897 he returned to Madrid as the director of the Museo del Prado. He held this position only briefly and then focused again on painting.

His total output is well over 1,000 paintings showing his interest in a variety of subjects and styles, often without regard of the current fashion. He is primarily recognized for his historical paintings; the last one completed in 1910 carries one of the longer titles of a major painting, Cortejo del bautizo del Príncipe Don Juan, hijo de los Reyes Católicos, por las calles de Sevilla (Retinue of the Baptism of Don Juan, son of the Catholic Monarchs, Along the Streets of Seville). An earlier example is The Sigh of the Moor, which depicts Muhammad XI, the last Nasrid ruler of Granada, turning to take his last look at the city from the Puerto del Suspiro del Moro before going into exile.

Much more common, however, are costumbristas—often romanticized studies that show local customs or manners—and landscapes that are often sketchy, with impressionistic influences. Financial duress after the bankruptcy of his bank may have imposed a special need to be productive.

摘自英文维基百科「Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用。