艺廊资料卡
- 出生
- 1669 年
- 出生地
- 常熟市
- 去世
- 1722 年
- 国籍
- 清朝
- 职业
- 画家
资料来自 Wikidata Q20101011（CC0）。
生平与创作
马荃（？年—？年），字江香，女，江苏常熟人，清代画家，擅画花草。马荃曾祖父马眉、父马南平都擅长写生，祖父马元驭也是清代知名画家。一说马荃为马元驭女。马荃画风得自家传，在世时其画已倍受追捧，晚年时名声更大，携礼上门求画者更多。
马荃夫龚克和亦工书画，二人曾以卖画为生游历京师。龚克和亡后，马荃回乡，以守节闻名于乡里。马荃在家中蓄有多名奴婢，让奴婢都“调铅杀粉”。常熟的很多贵游士女都去求马荃指点书画。
马荃与另一名清代女画家恽冰齐名，恽冰以没骨知名，而马荃以勾染闻世，江南人将二人称为“双绝”。《桐阴论画》评价她“写意花卉，设色妍雅，姿态静逸，绝无点尘，极为时流争重。尺幅小品，笔意香艳，更饶幽雅之趣；款书端楷，尤有逸致”。
马荃传世真品不多，其作品在清同治时已“传世者伪品居多，求之正不易也”。
摘自维基百科「马荃」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，繁体已转简体，去掉了参考文献、外部链接等尾部小节和表格，其余文字未作改动。
中文条目比较短，展开看英文维基百科的条目（英文原文）
Ma Quan (Chinese: 馬荃, dates unknown), courtesy name Jiangxiang (Chinese: 江香), was a Qing painter who lived during the late 17th–18th centuries, specialising in bird and flower painting. As a female artist who sold her paintings, Ma's art style is markedly different from both that of the imperial court and contemporary "talented young ladies" (Chinese: 名媛).
Biography
Little information exists on Ma Quan's life, but sources suggest that she was born in Changshu and was either the daughter or granddaughter of the artist-scholar Ma Yuanyu. In later life, Ma suffered from blindness, and her students' paintings were sold with her signature.
She made bird and flower paintings to sell when she and her husband encountered financial difficulties. Gradually, her paintings became so popular that other people prepared the paint for her to allow her to make more works faster. In her later years, she was compared favourably to Ming dynasty artists like Shen Zhou, and many people in Changshu, particularly women, sought her out to request tuition, including an artist who would later gain fame, Jiang Lixi (Chinese: 蒋季锡).
Art
Ma's subjects include butterflies, bees, and dragonflies, with modern critics identifying her brushwork as very controlled producing particularly fine strokes. She mainly painted flowers and birds seen in an ordinary garden, contrasting with the paintings of the imperial court. To one painting of chrysanthemums, Ma added a poem about how she has no place to plant such flowers but can tend them with her brush. In comparison with Ma Yuanyu, Ma Quan's works have been described as similarly realist, but capable of conveying an aesthetic essence. The later Qing artist Tai Zuyong (Chinese: 秦祖永) described her paintings as having alluring brushwork of serene interest. Ma was strongly influenced by Song dynasty art styles, which she expresses in her frequent tags that an image had been painted in the "style of the Song".
Ma's paintings have been compared with those of Yun Bing (Chinese: 恽冰), another female artist in the Jiangsu region and the aunt of Yun Zhu. Whilst Yun was known for her skill in painting subjects without outlines (Chinese: 没骨法), Ma was skilled at creating paintings with defined silhouettes (Chinese: 勾染法).
摘自英文维基百科「Ma Quan」，按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用。
